1-[[(2R,3R)-5-[(2R)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl]-9-[[(4-methoxyanilino)-oxomethyl]amino]-3-methyl-6-oxo-2,3,4,7-tetrahydro-1,5-benzoxazonin-2-yl]methyl]-1-methyl-3-phenylurea

The compound you've provided is **(2R,3R)-5-[(2R)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl]-9-[[(4-methoxyanilino)-oxomethyl]amino]-3-methyl-6-oxo-2,3,4,7-tetrahydro-1,5-benzoxazonin-2-yl]methyl]-1-methyl-3-phenylurea**, and it's commonly referred to as **BMS-986165**.

This compound is a **highly potent and selective inhibitor of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4)**. Let's break down why this is important:

* **DPP-4 and its role in diabetes:** DPP-4 is an enzyme that breaks down certain hormones, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). These hormones are crucial in regulating blood glucose levels, promoting insulin secretion, and suppressing glucagon secretion. By inhibiting DPP-4, BMS-986165 increases the levels of GLP-1 and GIP, leading to improved glucose control.
* **BMS-986165 as a potential treatment for type 2 diabetes:** Due to its potent DPP-4 inhibition, BMS-986165 has been extensively investigated as a potential treatment for type 2 diabetes. It has shown promising results in clinical trials, demonstrating its effectiveness in reducing blood sugar levels and improving glycemic control.
* **Research significance:** BMS-986165's development and research have contributed significantly to the understanding of DPP-4 inhibitors and their role in diabetes management. It has helped advance the field of diabetes research by:
* Providing a valuable tool for studying the biological roles of GLP-1 and GIP.
* Identifying a new therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes.
* Contributing to the development of other DPP-4 inhibitors with similar or improved properties.

**In summary, BMS-986165 is a potent DPP-4 inhibitor with significant therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes. It's a valuable research tool that has contributed to advancing our understanding of DPP-4 inhibition and its impact on glucose regulation.**

**Important Note:** While this compound has shown promise in research, its availability and use are likely restricted to research settings.